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  • Defibrillators that are permanently inserted (implanted) subcutaneously and connected to leads and electrodes anchored under the skin above but not touching the heart. These defibrillators consist of a hermetically sealed container, including a lightweight battery, electronic circuitry to sense cardiac activity and produce the electrical pulses (shocks), and electrode leads that conduct the myocardial signals to the defibrillator and the electrical defibrillating pulses to the patient when needed. Subcutaneous implantable defibrillators are used to sense ventricular fibrillation and initiate defibrillation by applying an electric shock to the heart to depolarize the myocardium; they usually provide high energy stimuli to compensate for the large path from the electrodes to the heart. Some subcutaneous defibrillators have memory modules for storage and retrieval of the cardiac electrical activity and/or programmable capabilities. The defibrillators are used as life saving devices mainly for tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and cardiac arrest.
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