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Infusion pumps designed to deliver relatively small volumes of liquid medications and other solutions through intravenous (IV), epidural, and subcutaneous routes at preestablished accurate flow rates (e.g., down to 0.1 mL/hour) with a syringe driving mechanism capable of infusing into and/or within the high pressure (greater than two absolute atmospheres) environment of hyperbaric chambers. These pumps usually consist of a motor that drives a screw or gear mechanism that advances either the plunger or barrel of a syringe at a predetermined rate; electronic controls used to select the dose or volume to be infused; and audible and/or visual alarms to indicate abnormal conditions. In most pumps the syringe containing the infusate must be manually replaced once it has emptied to continue the infusion. Syringe infusion pumps exhibit good flow continuity even at very low flow rates, and are especially appropriate for critical care applications in which small volumes of concentrated drugs are to be delivered over an extended period; the pumps are used mainly in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. Pumps are operated outside monoplace chambers and inside multiplace chambers; some models can be used with both types of chambers.
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