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  • A modified version of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP; Gc protein) macrophage activator, with potential antineoplastic and anti-angiogenic activities. Upon administration, modified VDBP-macrophage activator EF-022, acting in a similar manner as VDBP-macrophage activating factor (GcMAF), is able to activate tumoricidal macrophages, thereby enhancing the killing and eradication of cancer cells. In addition, EF-022 may inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. VDBP is a glycoprotein and precursor for macrophage activating factor (MAF), which promotes macrophage activation; however VDBP can be deglycosylated by serum alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, which is secreted from cancerous cells, and cannot be converted to MAF. Thus, the macrophage activation cascade is often impaired in tumor cells and plays a key role in tumor immunosuppression. Modification of VDBP stabilizes MAF. Check for \'https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/intervention/C131824\' active clinical trials using this agent. (\'http://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Thesaurus&code=C131824\' NCI Thesaurus)
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