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Monitors designed for continuous, non-invasive measurement of jugular venous pressure, which is used for the automatic calculation and display of blood pressure at the superior vena cava/right atrium (i.e., central venous pressure). These monitors typically use near-infrared spectroscopy to perform non-invasive measurement of the height of the jugular pulse above the patient\'s phlebostatic axis (i.e., reference point located at the intersection of the fourth intercostal space and the midaxillary line). Based on the jugular pulse height measurements, these monitors automatically calculate and display central venous pressure values. These monitors typically include a sensor (placed on the external jugular vein), a reference patch (placed at the phlebostatic axis), and a display unit.
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