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  • Bone graft substitutes that do not include among their components viable osteogenic cells. These bone graft substitutes typically consist of osteoconductive materials, which promote bone formation passively by providing a physical scaffold for bone growth. Bone scaffold materials may include various allogenic materials (e.g., demineralized bone, mineralized bone), synthetic materials (e.g., calcium sulfate, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate), xenogenic materials (e.g., animal-derived collagen, coral-derived ceramics, animal-derived bone), or combinations of these materials (i.e., composite scaffolds). Some non-cell-based bone graft substitutes may combine a scaffold material with recombinant or isolated growth factors (e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins [BMPs], platelet-derived growth factors [PDGFs]).
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