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Solutions intended to protect cells from damage during cooling, freezing, and/or cold storage. These solutions typically consist of aqueous mixtures containing one or more cryoprotective molecules. Cryoprotective molecules may be membrane permeating (typically small non-ionic compounds such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide) or non-membrane permeating (typically long-chain polymers such as dextrose, polyethylene glycol, and hyaluronic acid). These molecules are thought to regulate the dynamics of water during the cooling process (e.g., preventing intracellular ice formation, balancing osmotic pressure).
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