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A rare mitochondrial disease with marked clinical variability typically and characteristics of encephalomyopathy, kidney disease (nephrotic syndrome), optic atrophy, early-onset deafness, pancytopenia, obesity, and cardiac disease (valvulopathy). Additionally, macrocephaly, intellectual disability, elevated lactate/pyruvate ratio, insulin-dependent diabetes, livedo reticularis, liver dysfunction and seizures have also been associated.
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