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  • Laboratory equipment designed to assess the integrity of epithelial and/or endothelial cell layers cultured in vitro by measuring the passive electrical resistance of the cells. Epithelial voltohmmeters are used to assess cellular monolayers that have been cultured on semi-permeable membrane inserts in microplate wells, which divide the individual microplate wells into upper and lower compartments separated by the cultured cell layers. Epithelial voltohmmeters typically assess electrical properties of these membranes by placing electrodes in the upper and lower compartments and measuring the resistance of the cell layer (i.e., transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance [TEER]) when a square-wave alternating current is applied. The electrical resistance of the cell layer are dependent on paracellular ionic conductance (i.e., ion flow between cells) and, therefore, reflect the integrity of the cell layer.
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