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  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Declared a pandemic by WHO in March 2020. Spread from person to person during close contact, mainly through respiratory droplets. Preventive strategies against spread include handwashing, wearing of masks, physical distancing, quarantine, patient isolation, and other infection control measures. Time from exposure to onset of symptoms ranges from 2-14 days. Majority of cases are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms but others develop severe or fatal infections. Common symptoms include: fever, cough, dyspnea, chills, myalgia, new loss of taste or smell. Severe clinical manifestations include: pneumonia, ARDS, multi-organ and systemic dysfunctions including cardiac injury, kidney injury, thromboembolic events, and inflammatory complications. Management focuses mainly on symptomatic treatment and supportive care. As of mid-2020, a variety of experimental treatments and vaccines are under investigation.
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