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Background: The 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic continued into 2020, and the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) associated death toll increased Preparations for a second outbreak were considered as a population-based preventative measure Objectives: To analyze COVID-19 rates in European countries or regions to determine whether there was a significant association between bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination policy and lower rates of COVID-19 related deaths Methods: Certain Northern European countries or regions had low death rates regardless of BCG policy The authors assumed the consumption of foods containing salmiak (NH4Cl) was a common and peculiar cause of the reduced COVID-19 related death rates Lysosomotropic agents have been shown to inhibit or prevent SARS-CoV infection To check the possible effectiveness of salmiak consumption against COVID-19 related death, the authors used a linear regression model with the death rate as the dependent variable and BCG-policy and salmiak consumption score as independent variables Using least squares regression and a robust standard error algorithm, the authors found a significant effect exerted by the independent variables (P < 0 0005 for BCG and P = 0 001 for salmiak) Salmiak score alone was significant (P= 0 016) when using least squares regression with robust error algorithm Conclusions: Despite some methodological limits, the results seem to confirm an association between BCG-positive vaccination policy and salmiak consumption, and lower death rates from COVID-19 Implementing BCG vaccination policy and fortification of foods with salmiak (NH4Cl) may have a significant impact on the control of SARS-CoV epidemic
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Israel_Medical_Association_Journal
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Bacillus calmette-guérin vaccination policy and consumption of ammonium chloride-enriched confectioneries may be factors in reducing COVID-19 death rates in Europe
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