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?:abstract
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BACKGROUND: The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene locus plays a fundamental role in human immunity, and it is established that certain HLA alleles are disease determinants METHODS: By combining the predictive power of multiple in silico HLA predictors, we have previously identified prevalent HLA class I and class II alleles, including DPA1*02:02, in two small cohorts at the COVID-19 pandemic onset Since then, newer and larger patient cohorts with controls and associated demographic and clinical data have been deposited in public repositories Here, we report on HLA-I and HLA-II alleles, along with their associated risk significance in one such cohort of 126 patients, including COVID-19 positive (n=100) and negative patients (n=26) RESULTS: We recapitulate an enrichment of DPA1*02:02 in the COVID-19 positive cohort (29%) when compared to the COVID-negative control group (Fisher\'s exact test [FET] p=0 0174) Having this allele, however, does not appear to put this cohort\'s patients at an increased risk of hospitalization Inspection of COVID-19 disease severity outcomes reveal nominally significant risk associations with A*11:01 (FET p=0 0078), C*04:01 (FET p=0 0087) and DQA1*01:02 (FET p=0 0121) CONCLUSIONS: While enrichment of these alleles falls below statistical significance after Bonferroni correction, COVID-19 patients with the latter three alleles tend to fare worse overall This is especially evident for patients with C*04:01, where disease prognosis measured by mechanical ventilation-free days was statistically significant after multiple hypothesis correction (Bonferroni p = 0 0023), and may hold potential clinical value
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