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In December 2019, China became the center of a pneumonia outbreak of unknown cause that caught the world\'s attention It was the new coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2), which has rapidly spread to the rest of the world As of March 31, 2020, around 800,000 cases and 38,714 deaths have been reported worldwide In Peru, 950 cases and 24 deaths have been reported The virus has been found to affect most frequently elderly people, immunocompromised individuals or those with comorbidities In this review article, we offer a comprehensive overview of current knowledge related to therapeutic alternatives for COVID-19, from drugs with proven antiviral activity that have been regularly used in other pathologies (arbidol, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir) to drugs that have been usually used as antiparasitic (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) or antibacterial agents (teicoplanin and azithromycin), but nowadays have gained notoriety because of their possible and potential efficacy against COVID-19 Likewise, the therapeutic schemes recently included in the technical standard issued by the Ministry of Health of Peru (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin) are highlighted Although significant advances have been achieved in determining potential therapeutic alternatives, randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of medications for the treatment of patients with COVID-19
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RESUMEN En diciembre de 2019, China se convirtió en el centro de un brote de neumonía de causa desconocida que atrajo la atención mundial Se trataba del nuevo coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV o SARS-CoV-2) que se ha expandido rápidamente Hasta el 31 de marzo de 2020 se han reportado alrededor de 800 000 casos y 38 714 muertes en el mundo En el Perú, se han informado 950 casos y 24 fallecidos Se ha observado que el virus afecta con mayor frecuencia a adultos mayores, personas inmunocomprometidas o con comorbilidades En esta revisión ofrecemos una vista panorámica de los conocimientos actuales relacionados con las alternativas terapéuticas para la COVID-19, desde fármacos con comprobada actividad antiviral que se han utilizado regularmente en otras enfermedades (arbidol, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir) hasta medicamentos que usualmente han sido empleados como antiparasitarios (cloroquina e hidroxicloroquina) o antibacterianos (teicoplanina y azitromicina), pero que en la coyuntura actual retoman notoriedad por su posible y potencial eficacia frente a este virus Asimismo, se resaltan los esquemas terapéuticos incluidos recientemente en la norma técnica emitida por el Ministerio de Salud en Perú (cloroquina, hidroxicloroquina e hidroxicloroquina/azitromicina) Si bien se han logrado avances importantes en la determinación de potenciales alternativas terapéuticas farmacológicas, es necesario realizar ensayos controlados aleatorizados para determinar la seguridad y la eficacia de medicamentos para el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 ABSTRACT In December 2019, China became the center of a pneumonia outbreak of unknown cause that caught the world\'s attention It was the new coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2), which has rapidly spread to the rest of the world As of March 31, 2020, around 800,000 cases and 38,714 deaths have been reported worldwide In Peru, 950 cases and 24 deaths have been reported The virus has been found to affect most frequently elderly people, immunocompromised individuals or those with comorbidities In this review article, we offer a comprehensive overview of current knowledge related to therapeutic alternatives for COVID-19, from drugs with proven antiviral activity that have been regularly used in other pathologies (arbidol, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir) to drugs that have been usually used as antiparasitic (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) or antibacterial agents (teicoplanin and azithromycin), but nowadays have gained notoriety because of their possible and potential efficacy against COVID-19 Likewise, the therapeutic schemes recently included in the technical standard issued by the Ministry of Health of Peru (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin) are highlighted Although significant advances have been achieved in determining potential therapeutic alternatives, randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of medications for the treatment of patients with COVID-19
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