PropertyValue
?:abstract
  • BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the whole world for a short span of time. As it is a novel virus, its manifestations have been slowly revealed. Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 have gradually been reported from different regions of the world. However, their significance in diagnosis, as well as predicting prognosis, remains to be established. OBJECTIVE: This review describes the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 patients from diverse regions with the aim of highlighting any important associations. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using “PubMed” for original articles, case series, and case reports using the search terms “cutaneous manifestations” and “skin manifestations” in combination with “COVID-19” published up to 31 May. RESULTS: Nine original research articles and 35 case series or case reports were identified, including 458 confirmed COVID-19 cases. The ratio of male to female patients was 0.94, and the patients’ age ranged from 2 months to 84 years. In 10% of cases, skin lesions appeared before systemic manifestations. The most common cutaneous manifestation was macular/maculo-papular rash (42.5%), followed by acute urticaria (17.9%), vesicular rash (15.3%), pseudo-chilblain or acral purpuric lesions (15.1), and livedo-reticularis (4.4%). The majority of reported cases were located in Spain, Italy, and France. These manifestations do not seem to be sex-, age-, or country-specific. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to conduct worldwide registries and prospective studies to assess the true incidence of cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 and to streamline their categorization based on their pathogenesis. There appears to be no specific manifestation at present, but a high index of suspicion can help in the diagnosis of patients presenting with cutaneous lesions as the first manifestation.
is ?:annotates of
?:creator
?:doi
  • 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_872_20
?:doi
?:journal
  • J_Family_Med_Prim_Care
?:license
  • cc-by-nc-sa
?:pmc_json_files
  • document_parses/pmc_json/PMC7652150.xml.json
?:pmcid
?:pmid
?:pmid
  • 33209764.0
?:publication_isRelatedTo_Disease
?:source
  • Medline; PMC
?:title
  • Cutaneous manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 in 458 confirmed cases: A systematic review
?:type
?:year
  • 2020-09-30

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