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Superspreaders, infected individuals who result in an outsized number of secondary cases, are believed to underlie a significant fraction of total SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here, we combine empirical observations of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 transmission and extreme value statistics to show that the distribution of secondary cases is consistent with being fat-tailed, implying that large superspreading events are extremal, yet probable, occurrences. We integrate these results with interaction-based network models of disease transmission and show that superspreading, when it is fat-tailed, leads to pronounced transmission by increasing dispersion. Our findings indicate that large superspreading events should be the targets of interventions that minimize tail exposure.
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document_parses/pdf_json/6930d40a6b2f47b305f329030240296271e700ef.json; document_parses/pdf_json/926b8a09124efd58ed120558da47169bcb36506f.json
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document_parses/pmc_json/PMC7703634.xml.json
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Evidence that coronavirus superspreading is fat-tailed
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