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?:abstract
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The most efficient countermeasure against infectious agents and their caused diseases is the development and wide use of safe and effective vaccines The development and licensing of novel vaccines must be strictly in compliance with strong legal and regulatory requirements with respect to research and development (R&D), production facilities and processes, analytics, quality assurance as well as nonclinical, preclinical and clinical testing These requirements are responsible for the long development times and high development costs The conventional development strategies of industry are therefore no longer feasible for all vaccines;especially vaccines against old and newly emerging pathogens such as pandemic influenza, SARS/MERS, or Ebola require efficient and fast development times, high production capacities as well as fast global licensing procedures The development of such vaccines against emerging threats is therefore dependent on new strategies of collaboration between public institutions and research-driven industry, so-called Private-Public-Partnerships (PPP) Industry will contribute mainly with the provision of technology platforms and cGMP production facilities, whereas governmental and international institutions ensure the financial support of development programs as well as fast and effective licensure procedures in emergency situations
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