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CONTEXT: Grief researchers are concerned that the COVID-19 pandemic will precipitate increases in severe, persistent and disabling grief, termed prolonged grief disorder (PGD) or persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD). We recently demonstrated that higher grief levels are experienced after COVID-19-related bereavement than natural bereavement. Death circumstances during the pandemic (e.g., reduced social support, limited opportunities for death rituals) may also hamper the grief process for non-COVID-19 related bereavement, yet no quantitative research has specifically addressed this issue. OBJECTIVES: To test if grief severity is higher during than before the lockdown after non-COVID-19 related bereavement. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey including questions on sociodemographic and loss-related variables and a grief measure was conducted among a sample of 1600 bereaved adults (78% female), participating before (n = 731) or during (n = 869) the pandemic, including people who had experienced a loss before the pandemic (n = 456) or during the pandemic (n = 200) recently (≤5 months ago). RESULTS: No significant differences emerged between grief levels in people participating before or during the pandemic. However, being recently bereaved during the pandemic elicited more severe grief than before it (d = 0.17, d = 0.18). Effects remained significant after controlling analyses for relevant loss-related variables. CONCLUSIONS: Among all bereaved persons, grief severity was no different during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. However, becoming bereaved during the pandemic elicited more severe acute grief reactions than before the pandemic, suggesting that dealing with loss may be more difficult during this ongoing health crisis. KEY MESSAGE: This is the first empirical comparison of grief after non-COVID-19-related bereavement before and after the pandemic. No significant differences emerged in self-reported grief before and after the pandemic among all bereaved persons. However, experiencing loss during the pandemic yielded higher acute grief levels than the experiencing loss before the pandemic.
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10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.10.004
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document_parses/pdf_json/c1425eb68639a9b683022e2fe5fbadfc46936996.json
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document_parses/pmc_json/PMC7553097.xml.json
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Grief Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multiple Group Comparisons
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