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Scenarios that disrupt and jolt entire systems, such as the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, place organizations, communities, and populations in volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environments that can affect all sectors of societies and can have disastrous effects ranging from high morbidity and mortality, political upheaval, and extensive economic damage that can last for weeks, months, or even years Effective leaders are considered one of the most pivotal resources for organizations both in times of normalcy and crisis, yet international criticism has flared pertaining to national, state, local, corporate, and policy leadership in this COVID-19 environment of discontinuous change We posit that these challenges arise as a result of historically rare allocation of sufficient resources to crisis and disaster preparedness This paper explores the leadership challenges associated with highly chaotic environments and makes a theoretical argument that leadership effectiveness in these scenarios can best be realized through advanced, comprehensive, and preparedness-based model of leadership development-Shock Leadership Development
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