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?:abstract
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Background: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection is associated with several clinical and pathological manifestations in cats, being lymphoma and leukemia the most common ones A poorly described manifestation of this infection is ulcerative enterocolitis, also referred as panleukopenia-like syndrome Case Report: A two-year-old, male, Brazilian shorthair cat arrived for clinical evaluation with chronic and profuse diarrhea, vomit, prostration, severe dehydration, intense leucopenia (1100 leukocytes/μl), thrombocytopenia, and positive results in a rapid imunoassay test for FIV and FeLV detection (Snap FIV/FeLV Combo Test, IDEXX Laboratories, USA) The patient was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and general supportive care, but clinical response was poor For that reason, the owner decided for euthanasia The cat was submitted to necropsy at the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of UFRGS Organs fragments were collected for histopathology, and the small and large intestine were submitted to immunohistochemistry for FeLV, FIV, feline panleukopenia, feline herpesvirus type I and coronavirus Results: At necropsy, the wall of small and large intestines was markedly thickened, with multifocal erosions and petechiae on the colon and rectum mucosa At histopathology, in the large intestine, multifocal mucosal erosions associated with fibrin deposition, and pleomorphic bacterial myriad were noted, with a marked inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages In the lamina propria of the small intestine, there was a similar moderate inflammatory infiltrate, submucosal edema, and dilated crypts and filled by necrotic debris The immunohistochemistry for FeLV was positive, with intense immunolabeling on inflammatory cells of the lamina propria, whereas for all the other agents it was negative Conclusions: Based on the necropsy, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, the diagnosis of ulcerative enterocolitis associated with FeLV infection was concluded and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of chronic diarrhea in immunosuppressed cats
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