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Key actions to reduce transmission of COVID-19, include active case finding, care and isolation, contact tracing, and quarantine Acute Febrile Illness (AFI) surveillance systems are typically used to better understand common causes of fever They may also be effectively leveraged to monitor activity associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection as fever may be part of the clinical presentation of COVID-19 In addition, AFI is an umbrella syndrome that, depending on the case definition in use, can envelop a sub-set of the surveillance population presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), two syndromes traditionally associated with surveillance of respiratory diseases similar to COVID-19 Even in situations where AFI surveillance systems enroll patients based on an undifferentiated fever (UF) with a case definition that excludes persons with respiratory symptoms, there may still be an opportunity to detect cases who meet the SARI or ILI case definition during the screening or AFI enrollment process that occurs prior to the enrollment of UF cases Purpose of the document This document summarizes CDC’s interim guidance for the surveillance of COVID-19 and infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using existing AFI surveillance systems The document draws on surveillance recommendations published by WHO and CDC, which outline case definitions for COVID-19 and available reporting mechanisms It is intended to complement efforts to leverage existing national and sub-national influenza surveillance systems, notably through the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS)external icon for efficient and cost-effective implementation of COVID-19 surveillance The integration of COVID-19 in existing AFI surveillance systems is intended to: Complement, not replace, ongoing ILI and SARI or COVID-19 surveillance activities Leverage existing AFI surveillance systems for efficient and cost-effective implementation of COVID-19 surveillance Support emergency and high-priority investigations through the sharing of available staff, material, supplies, reagents, or testing processes CDC does not recommend the establishment of new surveillance systems during this public health emergency Please refer to World Health Organizationexternal icon (WHO) and CDC websites for further information about COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 As the COVID-19 pandemic is evolving, and WHO updates global surveillance recommendations for COVID-19external icon and guidance for GISRS partners, CDC guidance will reflect those revisions in its guidelines
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