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Objective: To evaluate the association of Alzheimer\'s disease-related and inflammation-related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers with freezing of gait (FOG) in patients with Parkinson\'s disease (PD). Methods: The study population included well-characterized PD patients with FOG (PD-FOG), without FOG (PD-NoFOG) and healthy controls (HC). CSF was collected using standard protocols. Three Alzheimer\'s disease-related markers and 10 inflammation-related markers were measured in a Luminex 200 platform. Differences in marker expression across groups were evaluated with multivariate linear models. Results: CSF was collected from PD-FOG (N=12), PD-NoFOG (N=20) and HC (N=11) for analysis. Age was not significantly different between the three groups. Duration of PD was not significantly different between the two PD groups. After adjusting for covariates and multiple comparisons, the anti-inflammatory marker, fractalkine, was significantly decreased in the PD groups compared to HC (P=0.022), and further decreased in PD-FOG compared to PD-NoFOG or HC (P=0.032). The Alzheimer\'s disease-related protein, A{beta}42, was increased in PD-FOG compared to PD-NoFOG or HC (P=0.004). p-Tau181 was also decreased in both PD groups compared to HC (P=0.010). Conclusions: We found high levels of A{beta}42 in PD-FOG patients and cross-sectional data which supports an increase over time from early to advanced state. We also found low levels of fractalkine which might suggest anti-inflammatory effect. This is the first time an association between fractalkine and FOG has been shown. Whether these changes are specific to FOG requires further exploration.
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10.1101/2020.12.16.20248342
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document_parses/pdf_json/558e479aa4cd70e27f30c0307906f59b3c6083cc.json
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Cerebrospinal fluid Ab42 and fractalkine are associated with Parkinson\'s disease with freezing of gait
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