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?:abstract
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Worldwide, leaders are implementing nonpharmaceutical interventions to slow transmission of the novel coronavirus while pursuing vaccines that confer immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this paper, we will describe lessons learned from past pandemics and vaccine campaigns about the path to successful vaccine delivery. The historical record suggests that to have a widely immunized population, leaders must invest in evidence-based vaccine delivery strategies that generate demand, allocate and distribute vaccines, and verify coverage. To generate demand, we must understand the roots of vaccine hesitancy, engage trusted sources of authority to advocate for vaccination, and commit to longitudinal engagement with communities. To allocate vaccines, we must allow qualified organizations and expert coalitions to determine evidence-based vaccination approaches and generate the political will to ensure the cooperation of local and national governments. To distribute vaccines, we must ensure that the people and organizations with expertise in manufacturing, supply chains, and last-mile distribution are positioned to direct efforts. To verify vaccine coverage, we must identify vaccination tracking systems that are portable, interoperable, and secure. Lessons of past pandemics suggest that nations should invest in evidence-informed strategies to ensure that COVID-19 vaccines protect individuals, suppress transmission, and minimize disruption to health services and livelihoods. [Editor\'s Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the peer-reviewed manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.].
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