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?:abstract
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In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory infection COVID-19 (CoronaVirus Disease-19) caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 occurred in China Since then, the virus has spread to nearly all countries and infected more than 1 million of people World Health Organization has declared a pandemic because of the spread of the virus The COVID-19 epidemic is a third one caused by coronaviruses, the first two being severe acute respiratory syndrome of 2002-2003 and Middle-East respiratory syndrome In the present review, we briefly summarize information related to COVID-19 We review factors of innate and adaptive immune defense against epidemia-causing coronaviruses as well as mechanisms of viral evasion from the immune response We also review potential mechanisms underlying the main feature of severe coronavirus infections, namely excudative pneumonia that, in a significant proportion of patients, develops into interstitial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome Finally, we provide information concerning potential strategies of immunopreven-tion and immunotherapy of coronavirus infections В декабре 2019 г в Китае произошла вспышка тяжелой острой респираторной инфекции COVID-19 (CoronaVirus Disease-19), вызванной новым коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2 С момента своего появления вирус распространился почти на все страны мира и заразил более 1 млн человек Всемирная организация здравоохранения объявила, что вспышка приняла характер пандемии Эпидемия COVID-19 стала третьей по счету, вызванной коронавирусами, после эпидемий тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома 2002-2003 гг и ближневосточного респираторного синдрома В настоящем обзоре кратко суммирована информация о COVID-19 Рассмотрены факторы врожденной и адаптивной иммунной защиты против эпидемических коронавирусов, а также пути их ускользания от иммунного ответа Рассмотрены возможные механизмы, лежащие в основе главного проявления тяжелых коронавирусных инфекций - экссудативной пневмонии, которая у существенного числа пациентов сменяется интерстициальной пневмонией с развитием острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома В заключительной части обзора рассмотрены способы иммунопрофилактики и иммунотерапии коронавирусных инфекций
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In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory infection COVID-19 (CoronaVirus Disease-19) caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 occurred in China Since then, the virus has spread to nearly all countries and infected more than 1 million of people World Health Organization has declared a pandemic because of the spread of the virus The COVID-19 epidemic is a third one caused by coronaviruses, the first two being severe acute respiratory syndrome of 2002–2003 and Middle-East respiratory syndrome In the present review, we briefly summarize information related to COVID-19 We review factors of innate and adaptive immune defense against epidemia-causing coronaviruses as well as mechanisms of viral evasion from the immune response We also review potential mechanisms underlying the main feature of severe coronavirus infections, namely excudative pneumonia that, in a significant proportion of patients, develops into interstitial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome Finally, we provide information concerning potential strategies of immunoprevention and immunotherapy of coronavirus infections
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