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Cervical spine orthoses designed for maximum restriction of movements and/or total immobilization (i.e., motion control) of the cervical and thoracic (trunk) segments of the spine; they may restrict head, neck, and cervical and thoracic spine segments\' lateral and rotational motion. These orthoses usually consist of rigid (prefabricated or, less frequently, custom-made) structures in a variety of shapes and sizes that usually include a thoracic extension to provide better stabilization of the lower segment of the cervical spine. Cervicothoracic spine immobilizers are used for long-term care of patients after trauma (e.g., spinal fractures) and less frequently to alleviate pain. Dedicated immobilizers for the cervicothoracic spine including halo vests, sternal immobilizers, and braces (e.g., Malibu, Minerva, Yale) are also available.
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